Rabbits

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DO RABBITS CARRY DISEASES?

Rabbits, like any pet, can catch diseases that can also affect humans. These diseases are known as zoonotic diseases and can be transmitted from animals to people. Some zoonotic diseases from rabbits are less discussed, but they can pose a risk, particularly to individuals with compromised immune systems, those undergoing chemotherapy, or people with certain chronic conditions. Below, we discuss some of the most common zoonotic diseases in rabbits, how they affect different types of rabbits, and what to do if you suspect your rabbit has any of them.

1. Ringworm (Fungal Infection)

What it is:
Ringworm is not actually a worm, but a fungal infection that can affect the skin of rabbits, other animals, and humans. It causes red, ring-shaped lesions with fur loss and scaly patches.

• Transmission: Ringworm is highly infectious and is spread through direct contact with infected skin. Rabbits can contract ringworm, and humans can also catch it, especially those with a compromised immune system.
• Symptoms in rabbits: Look out for skin lesions or areas where fur is missing and the skin appears scaly.
• Human symptoms: Humans may develop similar circular, red lesions with hair loss.
• Treatment: Seek veterinary advice for diagnosis and treatment. It may be identified through an examination or specific tests.

2. Pasturella (Bacterial Infection)

What it is:
Pasturella multocida is a bacterial infection commonly found in rabbits that can cause respiratory symptoms, such as nasal discharge, sneezing, or eye discharge. It is often referred to as “snuffles” in rabbits.

• Symptoms in rabbits:
  • Respiratory signs such as sneezing, nasal discharge, and eye discharge.
  • Infected rabbits may appear lethargic and have difficulty breathing.
• Transmission to humans:
  • This bacteria can be transmitted to humans through an infected bite. If bitten, the area may swell, and an abscess can form, leading to infection.
  • While rabbit bites are less likely to become infected compared to cat bites, they should still be cleaned and monitored. If the wound does not heal, seek medical attention.
• Treatment:
  • In rabbits, antibiotics are typically used to treat Pasturella infections.
  • For humans, if you experience swelling or other signs of infection from a rabbit bite, clean the area and consult a doctor.

3. E. cuniculi (Internal Parasite)

What it is:
Encephalitozoon cuniculi (E. cuniculi) is a microscopic parasite commonly found in rabbits, with more than 50% of rabbits suspected to have it. It can affect the eyes, neurological system, and gastrointestinal system.

• Symptoms in rabbits:
  • Eye problems, such as cataracts or unusual discharge.
  • Neurological issues, such as head tilting, seizures, or difficulty walking.
  • Gastrointestinal problems, including diarrhea or bloating.
• Transmission to humans:
  • While E. cuniculi can affect humans, it is very unlikely to do so unless the person has a compromised immune system. Individuals with weakened immunity, such as those undergoing chemotherapy, are more at risk.
• Treatment:
  • E. cuniculi infections are managed with medications, typically anti-parasitic drugs, prescribed by a vet. Regular monitoring is necessary for rabbits with this condition.

4. External Parasites (Fleas and Mites)

What they are:
Rabbits can carry external parasites such as fleas and mites, which can be identified by a vet through skin scrapes or other tests.

• Symptoms in rabbits:
  • Fleas or mites may cause itching, hair loss, and skin irritation.
• Transmission to humans:
  • Fleas can bite humans, leading to mild skin reactions like itching or redness. While these reactions are generally mild, it’s important to treat the rabbit’s external parasites to prevent further issues.
• Treatment:
  • Only use products specifically licensed for use in rabbits, as some other treatments can be toxic to them. Speak to your vet for advice on safe and effective treatments.

Minimising the Risks of Zoonotic Diseases

The primary way zoonotic diseases from rabbits are spread is through direct contact, such as handling your rabbit or cleaning its bedding and stools. Here are some ways to reduce or eliminate the risk:

• Good hygiene: Wash your hands thoroughly after handling your rabbit, cleaning its cage, or handling its bedding and feces.
• Regular vet check-ups: Take your rabbit to the vet for regular health checks to catch any potential problems early.
• Protective handling: Handle your rabbit carefully, especially when dealing with potential infections or parasites.
• Teach children: Ensure that children are aware of the importance of washing their hands after touching rabbits to avoid the spread of disease.

What to Do If You Notice Signs of Illness in Your Rabbit

If you suspect your rabbit is showing symptoms of any of the diseases mentioned above, it’s crucial to contact your vet for advice. Early intervention can help prevent the spread of disease and improve treatment outcomes.

If you, as the caregiver, notice any symptoms such as skin rashes, bites that are not healing, or flu-like symptoms after handling your rabbit, it is recommended to seek medical attention, especially if you have a compromised immune system.

By taking the necessary precautions and being vigilant about your rabbit’s health, you can reduce the risk of zoonotic diseases and keep both your pet and yourself safe.